Lazar Salomowitch Minor (December 17, 1855 – 1942) was a Russian neurologist who was a native of Vilnius.
Minor received his education at the University of Moscow, where he was a student of Aleksei Kozhevnikov (1836–1902). Afterwards he worked in Paris under Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893), and in Berlin with Carl Otto Westphal (1833–1890) and Emanuel Mendel (1839–1907). In 1884 he became a lecturer of neurology at the University of Moscow, and was later a co-founder of the Moscow Association of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.
Minor's name is associated with Minor's disease, a disorder involving a sudden attack of back pain and paralysis caused by hemorrhage into the spinal cord, and "Minor's sign", which is seen in patients with lower back problems in which support of the lower back is needed in order to rise from a seated position. This sign is often indicative of sciatica, sacroiliac lesions or lumbosacral lesions.
Together with Edward Flatau (1868–1932) and Louis Jacobsohn-Lask (1863–1941), he published a textbook about the pathological anatomy of the nervous system called Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie der Nervensystems.